"扩充词义”可以指下列方面的操作：

（1）译文增字法：即对原文的某个词做“放大”或“延伸”处理。它是需要译者根据原文的特定的上下文在汉译句中适当增加几个字或一句话，以使句义在逻辑上更忠实于原文的内涵。

例如一些抽象名词、形容词可译为：
　　Respect尊敬→受人尊敬
　　Affection喜爱→惹人喜爱
　　Banquet宴会→摆宴席、搞宴请
　　Breakdown of equipment and morale装备逐渐破损、士气不振
　　Be always quite difficult是很困难的→一直困难重重
　　1.A settlement and peace will remain elusive.
　　*解决与和平仍然是一件毫无把握的事。
　　解决问题，实现和平，仍然是一件毫无把握的事。
　　2.In California,hundreds of billions of dollars ride on the success of earthquake prediction.
　　*在加利福尼亚，地震预报的成功关系到千百亿美元。
　　在加利福尼亚州，地震预测的成功与否关系到千百亿美元的财产和投资。
　　3.At this difficult stage,ex-president of the USA may have more celebrity than influence.
　　*在这个困难阶段，前任美国总统可能仍会有声望，但已无影响。
　　在这个困难阶段，前任美国总统可能仍会享有声望，但已无影响力可言。
　　4.Rushing to the scene to congratulate his troops on a textbook performance,Interior Minister Charles Pasqua told reporters,The nightmare is over.
　　内政部长查尔斯•巴士奎赶到现场，祝贺内务[屏蔽]官兵干得漂亮而又完全符合规范。他对在场的记者说：“噩梦已经结束”。
　　5.Britains will have the chance in the next few months to try out an emerging technology that could put mobile telephones within the reach of even modest domestic budgets.
　　*英国人在未来的几个月里可能研制出一种新兴的技术，这种技术能使中等收入的家庭也能用得起移动电话。
　　英国人在未来的几个月里可能研制出一种新兴的技术，这种技术一投入使用，即使是中等收入的家庭也能用得起移动电话。
　　*What science strives for is an utmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data.


结构分析：句子的框架是What science strives for is……as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory data.这是一个主从复合句。名词性从句What science strives for作主语。介词短语as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory date作状语。介词短语as regards也作regarding，意为“关于”。Sensory data意为“感性材料”。
　　参考译文：科学为之奋斗的目标，就是要使概念之间的相互关系以及与感性材料的一致性尽最大可能地准确与清楚。
　　*If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety,the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state.
　　结构分析：句子的框架是if we desire……，the welfare and the free development……，we shall not be in want of……。if引导条件状语从句。desire的宾语被状语sincerely and passionately隔开。In want of相当于“in need of”，在此句中译为“缺乏”。approach在此作动词意为“靠近”。
　　参考译文：如果我们真心实意而又满腔热情地希望整个人类能享有安全与幸福并且自由地发展其才干，我们就不会缺少去达到这一境界的方法。
　　*While we consider this to be the best form of democracy, it is not without difficulties and possible limitations, some of which may become apparent in this case.
　　结构分析：句子框架是While…，it is not without difficulties and possible limitations.“while引导让步状语从句。相当于though，修饰主句。指示代词this指代前面提到的公众投票来决策问题的做法。主句中又套嵌数量词some of加关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰difficulties and possible limitations.Not without为双重否定的介词短语，做表语，可以译成肯定句。
　　参考译文：虽然我们认为这是dem0cratic 的最完美的形式，但它还有各种困难和潜在的缺陷；在这种情况下有些问题变得明显了。
　　*But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees； its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
　　结构分析：句子的框架是But such a system would not only be……its principal advantage would be the improvement of。叫分号连接两个并列分句。sphere意为“领域”。
　　参考译文：但是，这样一种制度将不只是雇主和雇员之间真正自由签署合同的开始；它的主要优点是在日常生活的每一个领域中使人际关系吏为自由。

看得我头都大了也才看了一半。